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Humayun
Tomb
Location: Delhi
Architecture: Mughal Architecture
Designed By: Misak Mirza Ghiyas
Built By: Humayun's Wife Haji Begum
The Garden Tomb
Humayun's tomb lies on the Mathura road near its crossing with the
Lodi Road. High rubble-built walls enclose here a square garden
divided initially into four large squares separated by causeways and
channels, each square divided again into smaller squares by pathways
('Chaharbagh') as in a typical Mughal Garden.
The lofty mausoleum is
located in the centre of the enclosure and rises from a podium faced
with series of cells with arched openings. The central octagonal
chamber containing the cenotaph is encompassed by octagonal chambers
at the diagonals and arched lobbies on the sides, their openings
closed with perforated screens.
Three emphatic arches dominate each side, the central one being the
highest. This plan is repeated on the second storey, and a 42.5m
high double dome of marble surmounts the roof with pillared kiosks
('chhatris') placed around it. The structure is built with red
sandstone, but white and black marble has been used to relieve the
monotony, the latter largely in the borders.
Haveli Of Hakeem Ashanullah Khan
The haveli of Hakeem Ashanullah Khan, personal physician of the
emperor Bahdur Shah Zafar, was a fortress for those who were able to
hide themselves here in the 'ghadar'- the Sepoy Mutiny time. The
mansion almost covers 2,000-square-yards and appears to be a mohalla
itself. It was because of the orders of the Hakeem that Ghalib was
given the scholarship to write the history of the Mughal dynasty.
Immediately after the Mutiny, British confiscated the house of the
Hakeem. It was soon returned too, but not before it was stripped of
the old chandeliers and lamps.
True Mughal Architecture
The tomb was built by Humayun's senior widow Bega Begam,
popularly known as Haji Begam, nine years after his death in 1565
according to some, but fourteen years according to the manuscript of
an 18th century text. It is the first substantial example of the
Mughal architecture, with high arches and double dome, which occurs
here for the first time in India. Although some tombs had already
been sited within gardens, it is also the first mature example of
the idea of garden-tomb, which culminated in the Taj-Mahal at Agra.
The enclosure is entered through two lofty double-storeyed gateways,
one on the west and the other on the south, the latter now remaining
closed. A 'baradari' (pavilion) occupies the centre of the eastern
wall of the enclosure and a bath-chamber that of the northern wall.
A Homage To
The Royal Dynasty
Several rulers of the Mughal dynasty lie buried in the mausoleum,
although it is not possible to identify their graves. Among those
lying buried here are Bega Begam, Hamida Banu Begam - Humayun's
junior wife, Dara Shikoh - Shah Jahan's son, and the later Mughals,
Jalandar Shah, Farrukhsiyar, Rafi'u'd-Darajat, Rafi'u'd-Daula and 'Alamgir
II, Bahadur Shah II, the last Mughal emperor of Delhi had taken
shelter in this tomb with the three princes during the mutiny and
was captured here in 1857 by Lieutenant Hodson.
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