Strategically located the state of Jammu and Kashmir constitutes the northern most extremity of India. Jammu & Kashmir with its summer and winter capitals at Srinagar and Jammu, respectively, is divided into 3 major and distinct regions - Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh.

Kashmir is famous for its natural beauty and has often been referred to as the 'Switzerland of the East'. The heart of the area is the fertile Vale of Kashmir (known as The Valley), which lies between the Himalayas and the Pir Panjal mountain range. Here the climate is mild and the soil well watered. A large part of Jammu & Kashmir state forms part of the Himalayan mountains. A major portion of Jammu & Kashmir State consists of the western Himalayas, which besides many lofty mountain ranges with varying heights of 3000 to 6000 metres and above, also abound in rivers, lakes, passes, glaciers, plateaus and plains. The number of streams, brooks, hill torrents and rivers is also fairly large. The most important rivers in the Jammu & Kashmir are the Indus, Chenab, Jehlum and Ravi, which irrigates the land through out the year. The state of Jammu & Kashmir is geologically constituted of rocks varying from the oldest period of the earth’s history to the youngest present day river and lake deposits. The rich flora of Jammu & Kashmir shelters a large number of rare and endangered species, rare to find elsewhere.

The most magnificent of the Kashmir trees is the Chinar found throughout the valley. This land is a happy combination of the mighty splendour of mountains, of lovely glades and forests. The freshness and the peaceful calm of the atmosphere on these snow-peaked ranges as against the arid heat, din and fatigue of the Sun-baked plains of India, act as a tonic to the body and fills the mind with a feeling of pleasant contrasts. This is the first glimpse the sun-tanned visitor has of the glamour of Kashmir, which is often heard, sung in prose as well as verse. In fact, no other part of the country offers such a lovely sight.
 

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